Energy-Saving Light Bulbs

The advancement of industries, the increase in industrial and production units, and the ever-growing need for greater industrial output require suppliers to continue more work in enclosed environments throughout the night and day. Therefore, the use of artificial light has gradually expanded. Today, the issue of lighting has taken on special importance for large industrial workshops, because, in addition to causing nervous fatigue, a lack of lighting in the workplace inflicts other harms on the worker's health and eyesight.

In general, the objectives of providing adequate and suitable lighting can be stated as follows: 1/ maximum protection of workers' eyesight 2/ reduction of the factors causing fatigue and strain through sufficient lighting 3/ prevention of work-related accidents 4/ increase in work output 5/ improvement of product quality. Undoubtedly the most important human sense is sight, and for this reason lighting engineering is vitally important. Satisfactory lighting contributes to human comfort and ease, raises work output, and, by reducing accidents caused by insufficient light, greatly contributes to safety.

∴ Light sources To light workshops, two light sources can be used: natural light (sunlight) and artificial light (electric).

∴ Natural lighting The most important natural source of light is sunlight, and daylight is one of the most important sources of luminous energy. Daylight is composed of the diffuse light obtained from a clear or cloudy sky and the reflection of surfaces on the ground, plus some direct sunlight at certain hours of the day. The quantity of daylight varies according to geographic location and the season; for better and more correct use of daylight, the following points should be considered: • If the workshop or workplace is large and its windows are not sufficient to bring light to all parts, glass covering should be used in parts of the roof. • To prevent direct sunlight in summer, it is better to have an awning above the windows. • For greater use of sunlight, the roof of the workshop and other light-reflecting surfaces should be a light color so that they reflect light better. • So that sufficient light reaches the workplace, the total area of the windows or the glass roof of the workshop should be proportionate to the floor area of the workshop, taking into account the type of work, the angle of incidence of light, and the sunniness of the location.

∴ Artificial lighting In artificial lighting, electric lamps are used. In designing lighting, the following points should be considered: 1/ Lighting should be distributed uniformly over the work surface. 2/ The location of an additional light source should be on the left side of the work surface (for left-handed people the reverse applies), and its height above the work surface should not exceed 60 centimeters. 3/ The amount of lighting for each job should be according to the standard. Otherwise, the person is forced to bring their eye close to the work in order to better discern the details, and in this way not only do they assume an unsuitable bodily posture, but they also damage their eyesight. Today, the most widespread artificial light source is the use of energy-saving lamps.

∴ Advantages of and necessary recommendations regarding the use of energy-saving lamps 1/ reduced energy consumption 2/ long lifespan 3/ the option to select the lamp's light color 4/ flicker-free light

∴ Recommendations for when a lamp reaches the end of its life Consumers should replace the lamp after observing the first signs. These signs are: flickering, orange or red-tinted light emitted from the lamp, producing noise, emitting an unpleasant smell, and discoloration of the base.

∴ When an energy-saving lamp reaches the end of its life, what should be done with it? The best way to dispose of an energy-saving lamp is to deliver it to special recycling-waste sites that also accept electronic waste and energy-saving lamps. If there is no such place where you live, you can put the lamp in two layers of plastic bag, tie the top, and place it in ordinary trash. Note that the lamp must never be thrown into fire or a furnace.

∴ If an energy-saving lamp breaks, what should be done with it? If an energy-saving lamp breaks for any reason, observing the following is recommended: 1/ Before cleaning: • Remove people from the room and make sure they do not pass through the area where the lamp broke when leaving. • Leave the room's windows open for at least 15 minutes. • If there is a central ventilation system, turn it off.

2/ Steps for cleaning hard surfaces such as stone and ceramic • Gather the glass pieces with a piece of paper or cardboard and place them in a glass jar with a lid or a plastic bag. • Use a piece of adhesive tape to pick up the small remaining glass pieces. Clean the area with a dry paper towel and then put the paper towel in the glass or plastic container. • Do not use a vacuum cleaner to clean hard surfaces.

3/ Steps for cleaning a rug or carpet • Carefully pick up the glass pieces and place them in a glass jar with a lid or a plastic bag. • Use a piece of adhesive tape to pick up the small remaining glass pieces and powder. After picking up all removable pieces, if necessary clean the area using a vacuum cleaner. • Remove the vacuum cleaner bag (or empty its chamber) and place the bag or vacuumed debris inside a plastic bag and close it.

4/ Steps for cleaning clothing, bedsheets, etc. If clothing or bedsheets come into direct contact with the broken lamp or the mercury powder inside the lamp, the clothing or bedsheets must be discarded. Do not put such items in the machine, because they will contaminate the washing machine or its wastewater.

5/ Disposing of the cleanup tools • Place the items you used for cleaning in a trash bin outside the home. • Wash your hands after contact with the cleanup items.

∴ Places where energy-saving lamps are used

Residential lighting: residential lighting is divided into the following parts:

1/ Rooms: Energy-saving lamps, due to their low consumption, long durability, and sufficient color-rendering index, are the best option for lighting the rooms of the home.

2/ Yard, parking lot, and open areas: In these areas, energy-saving lamps can be used only if the following recommendations are observed: • mounting in a base-down or supported position • use in a globe-covered lamp • as far as possible, using types of lamps containing an amalgam alloy that are more resistant to temperature changes.

3/ Stairway, restroom, and bathroom: Since in these places the ratio of switching frequency to on-time is high, this severely reduces the lamp's life, and therefore the use of energy-saving lamps is not recommended. Workplace lighting Lighting of educational premises Lighting of commercial premises

∴ Criteria for selecting an energy-saving lamp When selecting a lamp, users of energy-saving lamps can choose the right lamp for their intended use by keeping the following points in mind. Selecting a suitable lamp plays a significant role in the optimal performance of the lamp.

1/ Lamp power: The first point in selecting a lamp is its power; with the help of the table below you can select a suitable lamp.

2/ Lamp color: Cool and daylight colors are used for studying, and warm and sunlight colors are used for the home environment and ordinary use.

3/ Suitable operating temperature of the lamp: Energy-saving lamps must be within a specified temperature range for proper performance, so choose a lamp whose operating temperature range covers the intended temperature and is stated on its packaging.

4/ Dimmer compatibility: Most energy-saving lamps cannot be used with dimmers and lighting-adjustment circuits. Therefore, if you want to use a dimmer or circuits with a sensor and photocell, you must use special energy-saving lamps made for these applications.

5/ Having a valid standard: Having a valid standard for energy-saving lamps allows the consumer to select the lamp with greater confidence and to be assured of its suitable quality. Therefore, when selecting a lamp, pay attention to it having a valid standard.

∴ Important points in providing suitable lighting • The light obtained from light sources should be as close as possible to daylight. • The ceiling and upper part of the walls are usually painted a light color to increase the efficiency of the light coming through the windows, and the lower part of the walls a dark color to create comfortable conditions. • The amount of light obtained from light sources must be constant and sufficient and distributed uniformly over all surfaces of the work environment so as to prevent the formation of shadows and dark angles. • timely repair and servicing of light sources • regularly cleaning the skylights

∴ Effects of lighting on the human eye Complications caused by excessive light: 1/ Glare: This is the most important complication caused by excessive light. This condition arises from light striking the eye directly or from the reflection of light rays from transparent surfaces into the eye. 2/ Symptoms of glare: A feeling of discomfort and pain in the eye, reduced sense of sight, fear of light, and tearing arise. For example, when a light source is placed directly in the worker's field of vision, it causes glare. To prevent this problem, light sources should be installed at suitable distances from one another.

∴ Complications caused by a lack of light In workshops where suitable and sufficient light is not present, especially for fine and precise work, it will cause disturbance and reduction of eyesight. These complications include strain in the eye, headache, dizziness, fatigue, reluctance toward work, and occupational nystagmus. (Nystagmus disease causes abnormal movements in the eye.)

∴ Factors that intensify the complications caused by a lack or excess of light: mental fatigue, eye fatigue, age